Evolució històrica de la psicologia de les relacions públiques a Europa i Estats Units
Resum
En aquest estudi es fa una revisió cronològica de les relacions públiques (RP) analitzada des del prisma de la psicologia i posant en relleu fites, conceptes, teories i models. S’hi ofereix una síntesi dels seus orígens a Europa i de com es van importar als Estats Units, on es van implementar amb força en els àmbits acadèmic, polític i empresarial. Les bases de l’aparició i desenvolupament de les RP compten amb la psicologia com a pilar fonamental (Bernays, 1928) a l’hora d’entendre els efectes propagandístics en la conducta social de les persones. Per tant, sembla que resultaria pràcticament impossible entendre i aplicar aquest constructe al llarg de la història sense aquesta labor conjunta interdisciplinària, tant a l’hora d’explicar la resposta individual i col·lectiva, com a l’hora de canviar diacrònicament el comportament de les organitzacions (Grunig, 1976). Es realitza una exploració en profunditat dels manuscrits internacionals publicats fins avui que posin de manifest les interaccions de les RP amb la psicologia en termes de comportament del públic, lideratge i conducta dins de les organitzacions. Els resultats treuen a la llum una perspectiva internacional d’aportacions bàsiques i algunes llacunes històriques en el camí. La identificació de diversos esdeveniments clau del passat ajuda a comprendre millor el marc conceptual general que connecta les relacions públiques i la psicologia. La recerca revela que encara existeix un buit quant a l’existència d’una teoria general que expliqui la història de la psicologia de les RP. No obstant això, des de la perspectiva de les RP sembla indiscutible la importància i la influència psicològica en la gestió dels comportaments de la població general, així com la persuasió i la comunicació amb els grups d’interès.
Paraules clau
grups d’interès, influència, persuasió, història, poderReferències
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Drets d'autor (c) 2023 Rocío Torres-Mancera
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