Regular la dependència: el que està en joc en els acords de les plataformes en línia amb els editors francesos

Autors/ores

Resum

En un moment en què la indústria periodística lluita per fer front al domini de l’espai publicitari per part de les grans plataformes, juntament amb crisis recents com la pandèmia de COVID-19, els acords comercials i les iniciatives reguladores són cada vegada més freqüents. Si bé existeix un ampli espai per a les intervencions reguladores que tractin d’equilibrar el terreny de joc entre les parts interessades de la indústria periodística i les plataformes, ens preocupa que aquestes puguin consolidar encara més la dependència de les primeres respecte de les segones a través de marcs coreguladors que encarnin la captura d’infraestructures vitals per part de les plataformes. Aquest article examina la negociació de tres anys dels editors de notícies francesos amb Google i Meta, que va concloure amb la signatura de quatre acords marc. Per a la nostra anàlisi, primer analitzem la trajectòria històrica de com aquests acords van ser possibles utilitzant fonts secundàries, com filtracions, comunicats de premsa i resolucions de l’Autoritat de la Competència de França; després n’analitzem el detalls i les implicacions. Rastregem l’intent de Google d’aconseguir els mitjans de comunicació a França i analitzem el poder asimètric que ha exercit sobre la indústria periodística, així com la forma en què es van veure afectats els posteriors acords amb Meta. Finalment, el nostre estudi de cas mostra que aquests marcs no són suficients per fer front als desequilibris sistèmics — encara que tinguin bones intencions— perquè no aconsegueixen qüestionar la concentració de poder d’un grapat d’empreses privades oligopòliques i, per tant, deixen efectivament que siguin aquestes i les idiosincràsies del lliure mercat les que decideixin sobre la seva aplicació.

Paraules clau

plataformes, drets d’autor, drets relacionats, Google News, Facebook News, Meta Journalism Project

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2023-06-29

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