Regular la dependencia: lo que está en juego en los acuerdos de las plataformas en línea con los editores franceses
Resumen
En un momento en que la industria periodística lucha por hacer frente al dominio del espacio publicitario por parte de las grandes plataformas, junto con crisis recientes como la pandemia de COVID-19, los acuerdos comerciales y las iniciativas reguladoras son cada vez más frecuentes. Si bien existe un amplio espacio para las intervenciones reguladoras que traten de equilibrar el terreno de juego entre las partes interesadas de la industria periodística y las plataformas, nos preocupa que estas puedan consolidar aún más la dependencia de las primeras con respecto a las segundas a través de marcos correguladores que encarnen la captura de infraestructuras vitales por parte de las plataformas. Este artículo examina la negociación de tres años de los editores de noticias franceses con Google y Meta, que concluyó con la firma de cuatro acuerdos marco. Para nuestro análisis, primero analizamos la trayectoria histórica de cómo estos acuerdos fueron posibles utilizando fuentes secundarias, como filtraciones, comunicados de prensa y resoluciones de la Autoridad de la Competencia de Francia; después analizamos sus detalles e implicaciones. Rastreamos el intento de Google de hacerse con los medios de comunicación en Francia y analizamos el poder asimétrico que ha ejercido sobre la industria periodística, así como la forma en que se vieron afectados los posteriores acuerdos con Meta. Finalmente, nuestro estudio de caso muestra que estos marcos no son suficientes para hacer frente a los desequilibrios sistémicos — aunque tengan buenas intenciones— porque no consiguen cuestionar la concentración de poder de un puñado de empresas privadas oligopólicas y, por tanto, dejan efectivamente que sean estas y las idiosincrasias del libre mercado las que decidan sobre su aplicación.
Palabras clave
plataformas, derechos de autor, derechos relacionados, Google News, Facebook News, Meta Journalism ProjectCitas
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Derechos de autor 2023 Charis Papaevangelou, Nikos Smyrnaios
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.