De la ironía a la desesperación: un modelo «orgánico» de estrategias de resistencia en la era de la vigilancia y el big data
Resumen
La resistencia es nodal, interseccional y opera como una multitud. En la era de la vigilancia y el big data, nuestro objetivo es comprender las estrategias y tácticas de resistencia más allá de los actores que las llevan a cabo. Proponemos un modelo para interpretar los enfoques de la resistencia, las asimetrías de poder entre los distintos actores y la incorporación de respuestas de justicia social. El modelo plantea cuatro estrategias principales: a) irónica, basada en la comunicación y la estética; b) deliberativa, construida sobre la cooperación; c) agonística, arraigada en la confrontación; y d) desesperada, basada en el conflicto abierto y directo, provocado por el descontento de una multitud que actúa como actor unificado. Este modelo avanza desde las reflexiones e iniciativas individuales a favor de los valores democráticos hasta la reivindicación colectiva —y a veces violenta— de un nuevo orden social. Existen dos escalas en las que puede operar este poder de resistencia: el nivel micro-macro en las políticas y el nivel excepcional-generativo de cambio social, lo que permite vincular los estudios de vigilancia a otras agendas sociales. Nuestros resultados evidencian que las estrategias muestran un sentido orgánico y ecológico de interdependencia en lugar de servirse de tácticas aisladas. De hecho, cuando las cuatro estrategias se maximizan en un momento dado, se crean las condiciones idóneas para una situación «perfecta» de resistencia, capaz de producir cambios profundos en diversos órdenes sociopolíticos.
Palabras clave
resistencia, estrategias, big data, vigilancia, justicia de los datos, hacktivismoCitas
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