The handling of political disinformation in the TV series “Yes, Minister” (BBC, 1980-1984) and its impact on YouTube
Abstract
Yes, Minister is a series that has been part of the collective imagination of citizens in many English-speaking countries since the 1980s, in which disinformation is frequently used or mentioned by its main characters. Its enormous impact has been long-lasting, and in recent years it has gained special prominence on YouTube. The objectives of this paper are the following: a) to quantify the presence of fragments of the series Yes, Minister on YouTube, including their titles, the episodes to which they belong, their duration and the number of views and comments; and b) to analyse the processes, strategies and mechanisms of disinformation in these fragments. To this end, we first described the fragments with more than 200,000 views, of which there were forty. After this analysis, we chose the videos with more than 400,000 views and, in those, analysed the processes, strategies and mechanisms of disinformation. There were twenty-two such documents and they contained as many as 125 samples of disinformation: mostly associated with the process of concealment, followed by blurring and, thirdly, invention. We went on to check for the presence of the nine strategies linked to these processes (abolition, segmentation, deviation, saturation, alteration, divergence, impersonation, incorporation and transformation). Abolition and alteration predominated. Finally, we described the main mechanisms by which these strategies materialised, which included contradiction, confusion, ambiguity, exaggeration, interruption, separation and assignment. We conclude that the publication of the series fragments on the networks indicates public interest in political disinformation. Their use in formal educational contexts, based on analyses such as the one in this paper, is a valuable approach for dealing with discursive processes and mechanisms of disinformation in different areas of knowledge.Keywords
political disinformation, disinformation strategies, TV series, Yes, Minister, YouTubeReferences
AGUADED, I. and ROMERO, L.M. (2015). “Mediamorfosis y desinformación en la infoesfera: Alfabetización mediática, digital e informacional ante los cambios de hábitos de consumo informativo”. Education in the Knowledge Society, 16 (1), 44-57. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks20151614457
ALBALADEJO, T. (2012). “Retórica política y comunicación digital. La ampliación de la poliacroasis”. In: E. DEL RÍO, M.ª C. RUIZ and T. ALBALADEJO (eds.). Retórica y política. Los discursos de la construcción de la construcción de la sociedad. Logroño: Instituto de Estudios Riojanos, 49-66.
BAÑÓN, A.M. (2010). “El debate político-electoral. Una aproximación desde el análisis del discurso”. En M.ª J. MARIN et al. (eds.). Discurs polític i identitats (trans)nationals. València: Universitat de València, 99-131.
BAÑÓN, A.M. (2017). “Critical Discourse Analysis and New Media”. In: K. BEDIJS and Ch. MAA? (eds.). Manual of Romance Languages in the Media. Berlin: De Gruyter, 203-244. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110314755-011
BEAVERS, S. (2002). “The West Wing as a Pedagogical Tool”. Political Science and Politics, 35 (2), 213-216. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096502000537
BERROCAL, S.; CAMPOS-DOMÍNGUEZ, E. and REDONDO, M. (2014). “Prosumidores mediáticos en la comunicación política: El ‘politainment’ en YouTube”. Comunicar, 45, 65-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C43-2014-06
BONAUT, J. and GRANDÍO, M.ª M. (2009). “Los nuevos horizontes de la comedia televisiva en el siglo XXI”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 12 (64), 753-765. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-64-2009-859-753-765
BORINS, S. (2014). Governing Fables: Learning from Public Sector Narratives. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
BOTTI, N. (1996). Yes Minister et Yes Prime Minister. La satire au service de la politique ? Un exemple britanique. Strasbourg: Université Robert Schuman.
CHESTERMAN, S. (2011). One Nation under Surveillance: A New Social Contract to Defend Freedom without Sacrifing Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
CONDREN, C. (2017). “Yes Minister, Yes, Prime Minister: The Theoretical Dimension”. In: MILNER DAVIS, J. (ed.). Satire and politics. The Interplay of Heritage and Practice. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 227-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56774-7_8
CONSIDINE, J. (2006). “Yes Minister: Invaluable Material for Teaching the public Choice of Bureaucracy”. Economic Affairs, 26 (3), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2006.00650.x
CROWDER, M. (2010). “Reading Political Comedy: Yes, Minister and Discursive Contexts”. In: N. BOSE and L. GRIEVESON (eds.). Using Moving Image Archives, Published by Scope: An Online Journal of Film and Television Studies, 64-81.
DEL CAMPO, E.; PUEBLA, B. and IVARS, B. (2016). “Las series de televisión: ‘multiverso’ objeto de estudio en comunicación”. Index Comunicación, 6 (2), 13-19.
DE SANTIAGO-GUERVÓS, J. (2020). “La orientación ideológica en los medios de comunicación social y la eficacia persuasiva de la desinformación”. Discurso & Sociedad, 14 (1), 107-141.
DURANDÍN, G. (1995). La información, la desinformación y la realidad. Madrid: Paidós.
EVANS, E. (2013). Thatcher and Thatcherism. London: Routledge.
GALLARDO, J. and JORGE, A. (2010). “La baja interacción del espectador de vídeos en Internet: caso Youtube España”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 65, 421-435. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-65-2010-910-421-435
GIL, J. and GIL, S. (2020). “Series de ficción como medio de coeducación para la adolescencia. Estudio de caso: Las del Hockey”. Fonseca. Journal of Communication, 21, 65-86. https://doi.org/10.14201/fjc2020216586
GIL-RAMÍREZ, M.; GÓMEZ-DE-TRAVESEDO-ROJAS and ALMANSA-MARTÍNEZ, A. (2020). “Debate político en YouTube: ¿revitalización o degradación de la deliberación democrática?”. El Profesional de la Información, 29 (6), e290638. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.nov.38
GRANVILLE, S. (2009). “Downing Street’s Favourite Soap Opera: Evaluating the Impact and Influence of Yes, Minister and Yes, Prime Minister”. Contemporary British History, 23 (3), 315-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/13619460903080135
KAMM, J. (2015). “Ignorant Master, Capable Servants: The Politics of Yes Minister and Yes Prime Minister”. In: J. KAMM and B. NEUMAN (eds.). British TV Comedies. Cultural Concepts, Contexts and Controversies. London: Palgrave Macmillan,114-135. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137552952_8
LACALLE, CH. (2011). “La ficción interactiva: televisión y Web 2.0”. Ámbitos, 20, 87-107. https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2011.i20.05
LYNN, J. and JAY, A. (1989). The Complete Yes, Minister. London: BBC Books.
MARRÓN, M. (2020). “La escena de ficción que resume a la perfección la respuesta de los gobiernos a la crisis del coronavirus”. Nius Diario. Retrieved from https://www.niusdiario.es/vida/visto-oido/coronavirus-escena-viral-serie-yes-minister-predijo-respuesta-gobierno_18_2914020301.html [Consulted: 15/12/20]
MORENO, C. (2012). “Humor, política y series de entretenimiento. El fenómeno ‘Yes, Minister’”. In: I. MARTÍNEZ and C. MORENO (eds.). De Anatomía de Grey a The Wire. La realidad de la ficción televisiva. Madrid: La Catarata, 68-192.
ORANGE, R. and TURNER, B. (2013). “Introduction”. In: B. TURNER and R. ORANGE (eds.). Specialist Journalism. London/New York: Routledge, 1-10.
PÉREZ TORNERO, J.M.; TAYIE, S. S.; TEJEDOR, S. and PULIDO, C. (2018). “¿Cómo afrontar las noticias falseadas mediante la alfabetización periodística? Estado de la cuestión”. Doxa Comunicación, 26, 211-235. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n26a10
RIKER, W.H. (1986). The art of political manipulation. New Haven/London: Yale University Press.
SMITH, J. (2009). The Presidents We Imagine: Two Centuries of White House Fictions on the Page, on the Stage, Onscreen, and Online. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
SORLIN, S. (2016). Language and Manipulation in House of Cards. A Pragma-Stylistic Perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan.
THODY, P. (1997). An Historical Introduction to the European Union. London: Routledge.
TEODORO, M. (2011). Bureaucratic Ambition: Careers, Motives, and the Innovative Administrator. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
VALBUENA, F. (2010). “El humor en la Comunicación Política”. Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación, 15, 123-164.
VAN DEN BERG, C.; HOWLETT, M.; MIGONE, A.; HOWARD, M.; PEMER, F. and GUNTER, H. (2019). Policy Consultancy in Comparative Perspective: Patterns Nuances and Implications of the Contractor State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
WALL, S. (2008). A Stranger in Europe: Britain and the EU from Thatcher to Blair. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
WODAK, R. (2009). The Discourse of Politics in Action: Politics as Usual. Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan.
Published
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2021 Antonio M. Bañón Hernández
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.