Spanish journalists on Twitter: Diagnostic approach to what, and how Spanish journalists talk about politics, international affairs, society, communication and culture
Abstract
Twitter has become a broad network of news and information. Journalists exploit the possibilities of this network to access information sources, to disseminate messages or participate in debates about current news. The objective of this investigation is to discover what Spanish journalists talk about on Twitter through a comparative study between journalists working in traditional media and in cyber media and determine if there is a difference between their platform usage. This research analyzes 3,500 tweets taken from two samples of Spanish journalists (conventional media professionals and digital media professionals). This comparative study is based on six major thematic categories: politics, international affairs, society, communication and culture, according to a system of classification of registration units consisting of 6 thematic groups covering 35 categories and 1,226 subcategories. The research identifies, among other aspects, a predominance of content focused on political issues compared to other thematic areas. In addition, there are very homogeneous network utilization dynamics among general media journalists and digital journalists, while there is a growing interest in society and culture issues and a shortage of content about the network and the journalistic profession itself.Keywords
microblogging, Twitter, current news, debates, Spanish journalists, communicationReferences
AHMAD, A. (2010). «Is Twitter a Useful Tool for Journalists?». Journal of Media Practice, 11 (2), 145-155.
ARTWICK, C. G. (2014). «News sourcing and gender on Twitter». Journalism, 15 (8), 1111-1127.
BARNARD, S. R. (2016). «Tweet or be Sacked’: Twitter and the New Elements of Journalistic Practice». Journalism, 17 (2), 190-207.
BERELSON, B. (1971). Content analysis in communication research. Nueva York: Harper.
BERGANZA, M. Z. and RUIZ SAN ROMÁN, J. (2005). Investigar en comunicación. Guía práctica de métodos y técnicas de investigación social en comunicación social. Madrid: McGraw Hill.
BREMS, C.; TEMMERMAN, M.; GRAHAM, T. and BROERSMA, M. (2017). «Personal Branding on Twitter». Digital Journalism, 5 (4), 443-459.
BROWN SMITH, C. (2012). «#Memstorm: Twitter as a Community-driven Breaking News Reporting Tool». #ISOJ The Official Journal of the International Symposium on Online Journalism, 2 (2), 1-28.
CARRERA ÁLVAREZ, P.; SAINZ DE BARANDA, C.; HERRERO, E. and LIMÓN, N. (2012). «Journalism and Social Media: How Spanish Journalists Are Using Twitter». Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 1 (18), 31-53.
CERVI, L. and ROCA, N. (2017). «The modernization of the electoral campaign for the general elections of Spain in 2015. Towards Americanization?». Communication y Hombre, 13, 133-150.
COZMA, R. and CHEN, K. (2013). «What’s in a Tweet?». Journalism Practice, 7 (1), 33 46.
GREER, C. F. and FERGUSON, D. A. (2011). «Using Twitter for Promotion and Branding: A Content Analysis of Local Television Twitter Sites». Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 55 (2), 198-214.
GREER, J. D. and YAN, Y. (2010). «New Ways of Connecting with Readers. How community newspapers are using Facebook, Twitter and other social tools to deliver the news». Grassroots Editor, 51 (4), 1-7.
HANUSCH, F. (2018). «Political Journalists’ Corporate and Personal Identities on Twitter Profile Pages: A Comparative Analysis in Four Westminster Democracies». New Media & Society, 20 (4), 1-18.
HANUSCH, F. and BRUNS, A. (2017). «Journalistic Branding on Twitter: A Representative Study of Australian Journalists’ Profile Descriptions». Digital Journalism, 5 (1), 26-43.
HEDMAN, U. and DJERF-PIERRE, M. (2013). «The Social Journalist: Embracing the Social Media Life or Creating a New Digital Divide?». Digital Journalism, 1 (3), 368-385.
HERMIDA, A. (2010). «Twittering the news: The emergence of ambient journalism». Journalism Practice, 4 (3), 297-308.
HERMIDA, A. (2013). «#Journalism». Digital Journalism, 1 (3), 295-313.
HERRERA, S. and REQUEJO, J. L. (2012). «10 Good Practices for News Organizations Using Twitter». Journal of Applied Journalism and Media Studies, 1 (1), 79-95.
HOLCOMB, J.; GROSS, K. and MITCHELL, A. (2011). «How Mainstream Media Outlets Use Twitter: Content Analysis Shows Evolving Relationship». Project for Excellence in Journalism. Retrieved from: http://www.journalism.org/node/27311
HOLSTI, O. R. (1969). Content analysis for the social sciences and the humanities. Boston: Addison-Wesley.
KRIPPENDORFF, K. (1990). Metodología del análisis de contenido. Barcelona: Paidós.
LASORSA, D. (2012). «Transparency and Other Journalistic Norms on Twitter». Journalism Studies, 13 (3), 402-417.
LASORSA, D.; LEWIS, S. C. and HOLTON, A. (2012). «Normalizing Twitter: Journalism Practice in an Emerging Communication Space.» Journalism Studies, 13 (1), 19 36.
LAZO, C. and GARCIA-IDIAKEZ, M. (2014). «Professional Use of the Social Networking Service Twitter in Composing the Spanish Newspaper El País». Palabra Clave, 17 (2), 353-377.
LÓPEZ-MERI, A. (2015). «El impacto de Twitter en el periodismo: un estado de la cuestión». Revista de la Asociación Española de Investigación de la Comunicación, 2 (4), 34-41.
LÓPEZ, X. and ALONSO, S. (2013). «Los periódicos gallegos en las redes sociales virtuales: presencia y posicionamiento en el nuevo escenario comunicativo». Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 19 (2), 1001-1016.
MESSNER, M.; LINKE, M. and EFORD, A. (2012). «Shoveling Tweets: An Analysis of the Microblogging Engagement of Traditional News Organizations». The Official Research Journal of the International Symposium on Online Journalism, 2 (1), 76-90.
MOLYNEUX, L. (2015). «What Journalists Retweet: Opinion, Humor, and Brand Development on Twitter». Journalism, 16 (7), 920-935.
MOLYNEUX, L. and HOLTON, A. (2015). «Branding (Health) Journalism: Perceptions, Practices, and Emerging Norms». Digital Journalism, 3 (2), 225-242.
MOLYNEUX, L.; HOLTON, A. and LEWIS, S. C. (2017). «How Journalists Engage in Branding on Twitter: Individual, Organizational, and Institutional Levels». Information, Communication & Society, 21 (10), 1-16.
MOURÃO, R. (2014). «The boys on the timeline: Political journalists’ use of Twitter for building interpretive communities». Journalism, 16 (8), 1107-1123.
NEWMAN, N. (2009). The Rise of Social Media and Its Impact on Mainstream Journalism. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
NEWMAN, N.; DUTTON, W. and BLANK, G. (2011). Social Media in the Changing Ecology of News Production and Consumption: The Case in Britain. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute.
NOGUERA, J. M. (2013). «How Open Are Journalists on Twitter? Trends towards the End-user Journalism». Communication and Society, 26 (1), 93-114.
NEUBERGER, C.; NUERNBERGK C. and LANGENOHL, S. (2019). «Journalism as Multichannel Communication». Journalism Studies, 20 (9), 1260-1280.
NUERNBERGK, C. (2016). «Political Journalists’ Interaction Networks: The German Federal Press Conference on Twitter». Journalism Practice, 10 (7), 868-879.
OLAUSSON, U. (2017). «The Reinvented Journalist: The Discursive Construction of Professional Identity on Twitter». Digital Journalism, 5 (1), 61-81.
OLAUSSON, U. (2018). «The Celebrified Journalist». Journalism Studies, 19 (16), 2379 2399.
OTTOVORDEMGENTSCHENFELDE, S. (2017). «Organizational, Professional, Personal: An Exploratory Study of Political Journalists and their Hybrid Brand on Twitter». Journalism, 18 (1), 64-80.
REQUEJO, J. L. and HERRERA, S. (2014). «Retroceso en la creación de comunidad entre los diarios generalistas españoles en Twitter (2011-2013)». Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 20 (1), 229-248.
RODRÍGUEZ, A. and GARCÍA, J. (2013). «Uso y funciones de Twitter en periodistas españoles». Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 19, 963-969.
ROGSTAD, I. D. (2014). «Political News Journalists in Social Media: Transforming Political Reporters into Political Pundits?». Journalism Practice, 8 (6), 688-703.
SAID, E.; SERRANO, A.; GARCÍA DE TORRES, E.; YEREZERS’KA, L. and CALDERÍN, M. (2013). «La gestión de los Social Media en los medios informativos iberoamericanos». Comunicación y Sociedad, 26 (1), 67-92.
TÚÑEZ, M. (2012). «Los periódicos en las redes sociales: audiencias, contenido, interactividad y estrategias comerciales». Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 18 (1), 221-239.
VILCHES, L. (2011). La investigación en comunicación. Métodos y técnicas en la era digital. Barcelona: Gedisa.
VIS, F. (2013). «Twitter as a Reporting Tool for Breaking News». Digital Journalism, 1 (1), 27-47.
Published
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2020 Santiago Tejedor Calvo, Laura Cervi, Gabriel Jaraba, Fernanda Esperanza Tusa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.